Texas has a wide range of different environments for corn production with chronic limitations such as aflatoxin contamination and drought stress. You and your spouse will share the grade for this lab. Corn seeds normal and albino seeds carolina biological supply company has several good corn trait kits that give students a chance for hands on study of corn and other organisms for dominant and recessive traits. In my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. Be sure to use the same five rows for each calculation. Classify and count the seedlings as to whether they are green or albino and record your data in the table below. Chi square modeling using candy count the number of each color in a bag to determine if they occur in equal proportions. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1.
The development of this corn germplasm will contribute to the to. In this lab, i used indian corn to explore mendelian genetics, independent assortment, and chi square analysis. Comparative physiology of green and albino corn seedlings. Nafziger, in reference module in food science, 2016. Count the number of smooth and shrunken seeds on the same five rows and record on the chart. Failure to do so will result in points being deducted. The the second part of the lab corn is a dihybrid cross of two monohybrids. All kernels within a cob share the same female parent but could have many different male parents. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits.
Corn plants pollinate via wind, therefore, each kernel may be the product of a different cross. Corn planting materials grown corn will be used for lesson 7. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. If the layer is not pigmented colorless, the yellow color of an inner tissue shows through. The purpose of this project is to develop and improve corn with quality, desirable nutritional properties, tolerance or resistance to stresses, adaptation, and competitive yield. Ap biology lab corn genetics chisquare ap biology lab 8. Nov 21, 2017 corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent by pennsylvania state university diverse maize cobs showing the varying genetic traits of kernel and cob colors.
Feb 17, 2015 in this lab, i used indian corn to explore mendelian genetics, independent assortment, and chi square analysis. The parents of these seeds were both heterozygous for the chlorophyll gene. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of. An ear of corn is actually a collection of over a hundred offspring, neatly packaged onto a cob, able to be stored long term, perfect for studying genetics. My hypothesis is that the corn was made from a dihybrid cross. Students study the inheritance of grain color using ears of corn. Ever since the theories of heredity put forth by such men as gregor mendel and charles darwin were recognized in the late 1800s, corn has been continually. You will evaluate each ear or cob of corn and determine the phenotypic ratio, the genotypes present, and the probable genotypes of the parents. Kernels are numerous enough to give results close to theoretical ratios, yet students will learn that those ratios are.
Very soon after the corn seed is planted, imbibition begins. Jul 23, 20 genetic characterization of the coldinduced albino phenotype of a661. Feb 22, 2015 the chi square supported the hypothesis that the corn was a dihybrid cross. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Feb 20, 2015 in my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. The purple color is produced by a pigmented layer within the grains. Corn genetics and chi square statistical analysis, using preserved corn and counting kernels corn genetics grow corn, 3. During the lab, i counted and classified the number of dihybrid cross corn kernels in the following four categories. By counting the number of corn kernels by color and texture, we were able to make inferences about the hereditary information alleles which were passed down from the parents. In just 2 weeks, students can reap the benefits of growing their own corn that demonstrates dominant and recessive genes. Ap biology genetics lab california state university, northridge. Feb 25, 2015 corn genetics chi square analysis objective. Genetics and inheritance lab answer sheet procedure 1 green and albino corn genetics you will be provided with a flat in which about 100 corn seeds were planted.
Monohybrid genetics with corn kit overview storing your kit objectives expectations required knowledge this kit is written primarily as a genetics lab for an introductory high school or middle school biology course. The inbred line a661 was developed from the synthetic minnesota asa derived from corn belt lines in a research programme conducted by the minnesota agriculture experimental station geadelmann and peterson, 1976. Corn genetics and chi square analysis 7302015 chi square analysis answer key corn genetics. There are several traits in the corn seed type the traits in. I had a corn ear and i was supposed to count the purple and yellow kernels and then examine determine the expected kernels, to test them by the chi square. Corn genetics chi square analysis tonybloglabreports. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent date. Corns unique reproductive process has made it a plant breeders dream. The corn insects and crop genetics research is located in ames, ia and is part of the midwest area. Corn cobs were provided for the experiment and each cob had more than one phenotype. These phenotypes and numbers are entered in columns 1 and 2 of the following table 2. What proportion of purple kernels is expected in the progeny of the monohybrid cross in experiment 1.
Count the number of purple and yellow kernels in five of the rows on your ear of corn and record the number on the chart. Setup your typed lab report will be required to have the following. Recessive traitseasy to scorecan see results in just 14 daysfor teaching dominancerecessiveness3. Nov 21, 2017 corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent date. Each corn kernel seed has a dormant embryo and an enhanced nutritive layer known as the endosperm, which will support the growing embryo until it germinates and can begin providing for.
Feb 23, 2015 the purpose of this experiment is to count the number of phenotypes in 5 rows of kernels on a corn cob and to make an educated prediction on its genotype and its parents genotypes. The purpose of this experiment is to count the number of phenotypes in 5 rows of kernels on a corn cob and to make an educated prediction on its genotype and its parents genotypes. Classify and count the seedlings as to whether they are green or albino and record your data in the table. To observe phenotypes and use chi square analysis to determine if results are of good fit. Mystery corn corn 8920 this ear of corn is an f2 level corn cross result showing the segregation of a dominant aleurone purple color gene yellow is dominant and a dominant colorinhibiting gene.
S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern. Understand the principles and terms used in mendelian genetics. This ear of corn was produced by a dihybrid cross ppss x ppss involving two pairs of heterozygous genes resulting in a. Count the number of purple and yellow kernels on five rows of your ear of corn. Count the number of smooth and shrunken seeds on the. By looking at figure 1 below you can see the aleurone layer. Feb 25, 2015 table 2 above shows the raw data for our third ear of corn we used a test cross corn cob table 3 shows the calculations we did to get the chi square value for our third ear of corn. Field corn and popcorn varieties, as well as sweet corn, are hybridized because of the needs of commercial corn growers. Corn, segregating ears are fullsize ears of corn from plants specially bred to demonstrate mendelian probability ratios and fundamentals of heredity.
Once these seeds germinate and grow, your task is to determine 1 the inheritance pattern of the albino trait dominant or recessive and 2 the genotypes of the p generation. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Use complete sentences and bold the answers and have them in a different color. It had a good fit on the expected data that comes from a dihybrid cross. Epistasis is a form of gene interaction in which one gene masks the phenotypic expression of another. These ears of corn may be a result of a cross between plants that were pycn x pycn. That process was described in corn journal blog 4252017. Heredity and the environment albino tobacco seed activity.
Heredity and the environment albino tobacco seed activity please do not write on this paper. Sweet corn grains wrinkle upon drying while starchy grains remain smooth. Genetic crosses objective in this exercise you will study monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance by analyzing phenotypes of an f 2generation of corn grains. Genetic regulation of coldinduced albinism in the maize. So in the corn lab, a kernel of corn has an equal chance of being purple and plump as it does purple and wrinkled or yellow and plump vs yellow and wrinkled because the alleles separate into gametes independently of one another during meiosis when the gametes are being formed and the chromosomes with the genes are separating. In this lab, you will germinate and grow f2 corn seeds to determine the inheritance pattern of the albino trait and determine what the p and f2 generations genotype must have been. On two monohybrid corn, count the number of purple and yellow kernels and the smooth and shrunken kernels. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern the genotypes of the parents of the ear of corn. Ap biology lab corn genetics chisquare ap biology lab. List two reasons why data might have a poor chi square fit. Download spreadsheet online spreadsheet chi square test photos of corn. Sweet corn grains wrinkle upon drying while starchy grains remain. For more than a century, plant geneticists have been studying maize as a.
The chi square supported the hypothesis that the corn was a dihybrid cross. Most of the maize grain produced is used as animal feed. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent by pennsylvania state university diverse maize cobs showing the varying genetic traits of. The a661 coldinduced phenotype was not observed in. The chi square data might have had a bad fit if the corn was not a dihybrid cross as expected. Corn a diploid organism has been widely used to study and illustrate mendelian traits. Outline highlight some key points in syllabus corn color and collection of data phenotypes chisquare analysis corn genetics lab application of chisquare analysis the color pattern in corn is due to multiple genes are variations in number of observed phenotypes due to chance alone. Monohybrid cross corn 8910 strongsville city schools. Genetic characterization of the coldinduced albino phenotype of a661.
631 613 492 1382 711 517 1303 818 716 1134 36 1242 1447 1547 1402 291 742 410 882 592 849 1268 239 823 1479 810 394 725 72 224 1486